Propaganda on the internet,,,,,

The net is an open medium where in anybody and everybody can host a site. The cost of hosting a site has become lower with the time and popularity of the net growing. Today very many sites propagate their own point of view and are able to attract a sizable audience towards their style of thinking.

Propaganda means talking in superlatives or in adjectives or giving out a hyped message about myself and denouncing or talking negatives about my competition. Propaganda is followed by all religions and political parties. Example- The India Shining campaign by right wing Bhartiya Janta Party was denounced and demolished by the centralist party Congress party. The Congress party in India is a first political party to use internet as a propaganda medium in India. Propaganda has been used by political leaders all over. Even as far as religion goes the propaganda put out overtly or subtly is that only my one religion can save the world to the path adopted by it. There are subtle suggestions that deem only the God adore by a religion as being the only God that will guarantee Heaven or Swarg. Thus it depends on one in what way one takes it.

Propaganda is used to attract people. For example If one likes Cricket one will host a site to attract audiences towards it.

Despite B'desh win, India's fielding needs a big push Read more: Despite B'desh win, India's fielding needs a big push .......

It was India's shoddy fielding, rather than S Sreesanth's wayward bowling in their opening World Cup match against Bangladesh that is a major concern for the team management.

It is not uncommon for a bowler to take a pounding in the odd match in limited-overs cricket. Even by his inconsistent standards, Sreesanth had a nightmare outing on Saturday. Having given away 53 runs in his first five overs, Bangladesh may have even won the game had not India skipper MS Dhoni taken him off the firing line for good. Youthful Bangladesh batsmen not only stole singles, but also converted ones into twos as India's ageing warriors struggled to keep pace with them. Let's not forget that Suresh Raina substituted for a tired/injured Virender Sehwag when India took the field. Raina, who was left out of the playing XI against Bangladesh on Saturday, remains India's best fielder with an uncanny ability to hit the stumps from any position inside the 30-yard circle.

Ironically, Yusuf Pathan, who has usurped Raina's place in the XI, had a poor outing, all round failing with the bat and ball and generally struggling in the field where he grassed two chances.

He is batting too low down the order to contribute substantially with the bat and as a bowler he lacks the guile of Yuvraj. He is best suited as a shock weapon against big teams in a counter-attacking role.

Bangladesh, in contrast, fielded quite brilliantly. In spite of Sehwag's lethal strokeplay, the Bangladesh fielding didn't wilt even towards the end. It was largely because of the Tigers' superb athleticism that prevented India from posting a 400-plus total.

No wonder Dhoni, who himself was not at his best behind the stumps, expressed concern about his team's poor fielding.

Let alone saving runs on the field, with not more than four good fielders in their 15-member squad, India are easily one of the worst fielding sides in the ongoing World Cup. Coach can do little about it at this juncture but pray that the Indian team would at least hold on to the catches that come their way to give the bowlers a leg up.

The big positive from the opening game was the early form displayed by the top-order and the maturity by young Virat Kohli. Not once during their 145-ball third-wicket stand of 203 runs did Sehwag and Kohli indulge in slogging.

The effortless ease with which they kept finding the boundaries meant the duo didn't even need to give Bangladesh bowlers the charge in the death overs.It is the depth and quality of India's batting line-up that makes Dhoni's boys the favourites to win the World Cup. All the big guns need not boom together. India just need a couple of batsmen to come good in every match to put the issue beyond doubt with or without some help from their bowlers and fielders.

Journalists in Cairo faced assaults, detentions, and threats; reporter dies from earlier shooting

Journalists in Cairo faced assaults, detentions and threats the committee to protect journalists said that a journalist shot a week ago while filming a demonstration , a state newspaper reported Al-Jazeera reported the security agents detained the network’s Cairo bureau chief along with the journalist.

Ahmad Mahmoud, a journalist working for the newspaper Al- Ta’awun, died from the gun shot wounds his death is the first media report fatality during the uprising. Many reporters were attack , many were injure in Egypt.

The Egyptian Military is working with the security forces and undercover police in arresting journalists, mistreating them and confiscating their ID cards, accreditation cards and cameras. The government owned newspapers, TV channels and radio are convincing people that foreign media and journalists have their own agendas, inciting ordinary people against them. The Egyptian government is creating an atmosphere of fear for journalists and is putting obstacles in their work.IHRC calls on the release of all detained journalists to ensure their safety and well being. Furthermore, IHRC calls on the Egyptian government to stop harassing all journalists in covering the current events with no prejudice. 2. BackgroundThere have been reports of 140 cases of arrest and detention to of Journalists by the Egyptian military. Journalists from different independent newspapers have been attacked, arrested for many days and sometimes for hours for attempting to cover the incidents in Tahrir Square. The government has cut internet, as well as other satellite TV channel’s coverage for several days since the revolution started. One of its aims was to isolate the Egyptian people from the world and force them to watch government news channels only. The government is attempting to stop the revolution and the protest by resorting to sending negative messages to the people through its media and restricting the work of other news agencies.News websites for the Muslim Brotherhood have been repeatedly blocked by the government in order to prevent them from communicating with the youth and the outside media.

Five journalists from Al-Jazeera English have been arrested since 31st January 2011. The Minister of interior issued a decision to close the headquarters of Al-Jazeera offices in Cairo and confiscated the accreditation cards of the journalists. Egyptian journalists were falsely accused of being “traitors and spies” by thugs and plainclothes officials. Journalists and reporters from ARY News have been harassed by the authorities in an attempt to hamper their work.

Many journalists have reported that they were mistreated and intimidated by plainclothes officers. Two of the journalists who were detained also told the New York Times: "We felt powerless--uncertain about where and how long we would be held. But the worst part had nothing to do with our treatment. It was seeing--and in particular hearing through the walls of this dreadful facility--the abuse of Egyptians at the hands of their own government." They added, "Many journalists shared this experience, and many were kept in worse conditions--some suffering from injuries as well."Human Rights activists and bloggers were also widely arrested and detained including activists from Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch and other human rights organizations.Wael Ghoneim, Egyptian blogger and activist, was arrested since the beginning of the revolution and was only released recently.

His family did not know his whereabouts for 12 days. Journalists have carried out a symbolic funeral for the journalist Ahmed Mahmoud who was shot dead by the police officers while covering the protests. Journalists attempted to prevent the chief of the Journalist Syndicate, Makram Mohamed, from entering the headquarters of the Syndicate and called for his dismissal. Over a hundred signatures are being collected for a petition on the dismissal of Ahmed.Yehia Alash told Ahram “When Egypt is anti-Mubarak and Makram caters to the regime's solution and opposes the Egyptian revolution this makes us want him removed as part of the regime we are opposing. We don’t want him to speak on our behalf, we want him removed.” Other journalists were outraged at the fact that he did not take action when their colleague was shot dead.IHRC urges the Egyptian government to cease from using such measures against journalists and immediately free them all. It also calls on allowing them to work without being discriminated and deliver factual and accurate information on what is happening in Egypt.

Domestic Violence.......

Domestic violence is an underrecognized problem of immense cost. It is a crime; its victims must be identified and protected. The medical and judicial communities share responsibility in addressing this issue and providing support for victims. The role of health care workers in recognizing and preventing domestic violence cannot be overestimated. Direct questioning of patients, especially about the source of any injuries and about safety at home, is the first step in uncovering abuse. Educational programs for health care providers and the general public can change society's view and tolerance of this problem. Physicians must take an active role in changing community attitudes about domestic violence and in instituting programs to reduce its incidence. Medical treatment of the injuries resulting from domestic violence is not sufficient. Abused women need the care of a team of professionals who can address psychological, emotional, and physical injuries. They must also be provided with safe housing and financial and legal assistance in order to escape the abusive relationship. Physicians and legislators must work together to effect change. Domestic violence is a public health menace. We need to break the cycle of abuse that has become an integral part of our socie

Right to Development

Through the United Nations Charter, Member States undertook to "promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom" and "to achieve international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion."

The Universal Declaration on Human Rights contains a number of elements that became central to the international community's understanding of the right to development. It attaches importance, for example, to the promotion of social progress and better standards of life and recognizes the right to non-discrimination, the right to participate in public affairs and the right to an adequate standard of living. It also contains everyone's entitlement to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in the Declaration can be fully realized.

An important step towards the recognition of the right to development was UN General Assembly resolution 1161 (XII). In this resolution, the General Assembly expressed the view "that a balanced and integrated economic and social development would contribute towards the promotion and maintenance of peace and security, social progress and better standards of living, and the observance of and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms."

This theme was taken up at the International Conference on Human Rights, held in Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran, from 22 April to 13 May 1968. The Conference expressed its belief "that the enjoyment of economic and social rights is inherently linked with any meaningful and profound interconnection between the realization of human rights and economic development." It recognized "the collective responsibility of the international community to ensure the attainment of the minimum standard of living necessary for the enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms by all persons throughout the world."

In 1969, the General Assembly, in its resolution 2542 (XXIV), adopted the Declaration on Social Progress and Development, which states that "social progress and development shall aim at the continuous raising of the material and spiritual standards of living of all members of society, with respect for and in compliance with human rights and fundamental freedoms."

In its resolution) of 21 February 1977, the decided to pay special attention to consideration of the obstacles impeding the full realization of economic, social and cultural rights, particularly in developing countries, and of national and international action to secure the enjoyment of those rights. Recognizing the right to development as a human right, the Commission requested the UN Secretary-General to undertake a study on "the international dimensions of the right to development as a human right in relation with other human rights based on international cooperation, including the right to peace, taking into account the requirements of the New International Economic Order and fundamental human needs." The study was submitted and considered by the Commission on Human Rights at its thirty-fifth session in 1979.

The Commission subsequently, by its resolution 36 of 11 March 1981, established a working group of 15 governmental experts to study the scope and contents of the right to development and the most effective means to ensure the realization, in all countries, of the economic, social and cultural rights enshrined in various international instruments, paying particular attention to the obstacles encountered by developing countries in their efforts to secure the enjoyment of human rights. It also requested the Working Group to submit a report with concrete proposals for implementation of the right to development and for a draft international instrument on this subject.

Human Rights...

The protection of fundamental human rights was a foundation stone in the establishment of the United States over 200 years ago. Since then, a central goal of U.S. foreign policy has been the promotion of respect for human rights, as embodied in the. The United States understands that the existence of human rights helps secure the peace, deter aggression, promote the rule of law, combat crime and corruption, strengthen democracies, and prevent humanitarian crises.

Because the promotion of human rights is an important national interest, the United States seeks to:Hold governments accountable to their obligations under universal human rights norms and international human rights instruments;Promote greater respect for human rights, including freedom from torture, freedom of expression, press freedom, women's rights, children's rights, and the protection of minorities;Promote the rule of law, seek accountability, and change cultures of impunity;Assist efforts to reform and strengthen the institutional capacity of the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights and the UN Commission on Human Rights; andCoordinate human rights activities with important allies, including the EU, and regional organizations.

The Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (DRL) applies three key principlesto its work on human rights:

First, DRL strives to learn the truth and state the facts in all of its human rights investigations, reports on country conditions, speeches and votes in the UN, and asylum profiles. Each year, DRL develops, edits, and submits to Congress a 5,000-page report on human rights conditions in over 190 countries that is respected globally for its objectivity and accuracy. DRL also provides relevant information on country conditions to the Immigration and Naturalization Service and immigration judges in asylum cases. Second, DRL takes consistent positions concerning past, present, and future abuses. With regard to past abuses, it actively promotes accountability. To stop ongoing abuses, the bureau uses an "inside-outside" approach that combines vigorous, external focus on human rights concerns (including the possibility of sanctions) with equally robust support for internal reform. To prevent future abuses, it promotes early warning and preventive diplomacy. Each year DRL ensures that human rights considerations are incorporated into U.S. military training and security assistance programs; promotes the rights of women through international campaigns for political participation and full equality; conducts high-level human rights dialogues with other governments; coordinates U.S. policy on human rights with key allies; and raises key issues and cases through diplomatic and public channels. Third, DRL forges and maintains partnerships with organizations, governments, and multilateral institutions committed to human rights. The bureau takes advantage of multilateral fora to focus international attention on human rights problems and to seek correction. Each year, DRL provides significant technical, financial, or staff support for U.S. delegations to the annual meetings of several international human rights organizations; conducts regular consultations with Native American tribes and serves as the Secretary's principal advisor on international indigenous rights issues; maintains relations with the UN High Commissioner on Human Rights; and supports the creation of effective multilateral human rights mechanisms and institutions for accountability.

MANGROVES....

Mangroves are trees and shrubs that grow in tropical and subtropical tidelands throughout the

world. Mangroves grow in areas that are frequently inundated with salt water due to tidal activity of gulfs, seas and oceans. Mangroves are able to thrive salt water inundation because of specialized rooting structures (such as prop roots and pneumatically), specialized reproduction (viviparous or live birth) and the ability to exclude or excrete salt. Mangroves grow exclusively in these tidal areas in large stands or groves to where these areas are referred to as their own ecological community, collectively called mangroves.

In Florida, mangroves include four tree species: red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), black mangrove (Avicennia germinans), white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa) and buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus). Each mangrove species has a different level of salt tolerance, which in part determines its location in tidal zones.